How to register a company in Romania?

In order to register a company in Romania, you need to choose the type of company form you want to incorporate, to prepare the necessary documents and to submit the application to the Romanian Trade Registry. Most common forms of companies in Romania are the Limited Liability Company (LLC), Joint Stock Company (SA) and sole trader (PFA).

How long does it take to open a company in Romania?

The company formation in Romania process will take 2 working days, since the date the incorporation application is submitted to the Romanian Trade Registry.

What is the main advantage to open a company in Romania?

One of the lowest taxation in EU: 1% turnover tax for the companies whose turnover does not exceed EUR 60,000 and have at least one employee or 3% turnover tax if the companies has a revenue exceeding EUR 60,000 or the companies is engaged in some specific activities.

Can I start a company in Romania as a foreigner?

Foreign citizens and legal persons can quickly and easily incorporate their own company in Romania, without any restrictions. There is no need for a Romanian shareholder and director

NIF Number Romania / CNP / TIN: Taxpayer Identification Code Explained

If you're planning to work, do business, acquire a property or pay taxes in Romania, it's crucial to understand the various tax identification systems in place. One such system is the NIF number—or Tax Identification Number TIN — which plays an essential role in managing your tax affairs in the country. In this guide, we’ll explore everything you need to know about the NIF number in Romania, along with other terms like TIN Romania, CNP Romania, and more.

When conducting business or paying taxes in Romania, having a clear understanding of the NIF number (Numărul de Identificare Fiscală) is essential. In this article, we will explain the meaning of the NIF code, how it relates to the TIN number Romania (Taxpayer Identification Number), and its importance for both residents and foreigners. We will also discuss how the CNP (Cod Numeric Personal) ties into Romania’s tax identification system, particularly for individuals.

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What Is NIF Number in Romania / TIN taxpayer identification number Romania? What is CNP Romania?

The NIF number Romania, also known as Numărul de Identificare Fiscală, is a unique tax identification number used to identify individuals and legal entities for tax purposes. Every Romanian resident, as well as foreign individuals or companies with taxable activities in Romania, must have a NIF code or TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number Romania) to comply with the country’s tax regulations.

While the NIF number is commonly used by legal entities and non-residents, Romanian citizens primarily use their CNP (Cod Numeric Personal) for tax-related purposes. However, when foreign nationals are involved, the foreign tax identifying number in Romania is often equivalent to the NIF.

Romania NIF (n) vs. Romania TIN (tax identification number): Is There a Difference?

In Romania, the terms NIF code and TIN number are often used interchangeably. NIF Romania refers to the same concept as TIN (Taxpayer Identification Number). Whether you are a Romanian citizen or a foreigner, the NIF number serves as your taxpayer identification number for all financial activities subject to taxation in Romania.

For Romanian citizens, the NIF code is typically represented by the CNP Romania (Cod Numeric Personal), a 13-digit personal identification number assigned at birth. For foreigners, the NIF number is a separate code that must be obtained if they have taxable activities or income in Romania.

Who Needs a NIF Code or TIN (taxpayer identification number Romania) in Romania?

Romanian Citizens: All Romanian citizens are assigned a CNP at birth, which serves as their NIF number for tax and identification purposes. The CNP also doubles as their personal identification number Romania and is used in many official interactions, including paying taxes, opening bank accounts, or accessing public services.

Foreigners in Romania: Foreigners who engage in taxable activities in Romania are required to obtain a foreign tax identification number Romania or TIN Romania (NIF). This includes non-residents who own property, have business interests, or earn income from Romanian sources. The foreign tax identifying number Romania is crucial for ensuring compliance with Romanian tax laws and avoiding penalties.

The tax identification number in Romania is necessary for individuals (natural persons) who typically fall into one of the following categories:

Non-resident citizens (regardless of whether they are nationals of an EU member state or from outside the EU) who are appointed by Romanian companies as directors or board members. If these individuals are not required to obtain a residence permit for Romania (for non-EU citizens) or a registration certificate (for EU citizens), which would allow them to receive a personal numeric code (CNP), they must obtain a NIF number Romania or TIN in Romania.
Foreign citizens who earn income from Romanian sources and are subject to taxation in Romania. This includes situations where foreign nationals receive types of income that require tax reporting in Romania, such as dividends from Romanian companies, rental income, or income from the transfer of shares in Romanian companies.
Foreign citizens involved in buying or selling property located in Romania who have not been assigned a personal numeric code through a Romanian residence permit (for non-EU citizens) or a registration certificate (for EU citizens). In these cases, the taxpayer identification number Romania is one of the required documents requested by the notary during property transactions.
Foreign citizens who buy or sell vehicles that are registered (or need to be registered) in Romania, primarily for the payment of specific vehicle taxes.

Additionally, financial organizations, particularly banks, often require the TIN number Romania for opening bank accounts or conducting other transactions. Digital banking applications, such as Revolut, may also request the foreign tax identifying number Romania.

TIN / NIF Number in Romania Format

The foreign tax identifying number in Romania TIN is an numeric block format of 13 numeric characters: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13 (for example 8001003234567), each sequence of the characters having its own significance within the Romanian NIF number, as follows:

C1 - in the range from 1 to 9:

1 is for the male person born between 1900 and 1999;
2 is for the female person born between 1900 and 1999;
3 is for the male person born between 1800 and 1899;
4 is for the female person born between 1800 and 1899;
5 is for the male person born between 2000 and 2099;
6 is for the female person born between 2000 and 2099;
7 is for the foreign male obtaining temporary residence in Romania;
8 is the foreign female obtaining temporary residence in Romania;
9 is for the foreign citizens.

C2, C3 - in the range from 00 to 99, meaning the two last digits of the year the person is born.
C4, C5 - in the range from 1 to 12, meaning the two last digits of the month the person is born
C6, C7 - in the range from 1 to 31, meaning the two last digits of the day the person is born
C8, C9 - in the range from 1 to 47, 51 and 52 meaning the county or district code the person has its domicile or dwelling / residence.
C10, C11, C12, C13 - in the range from 0 to 9:

A sample of the certificate of tax registration which provides the Romania NIF number is the following:

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How to Obtain a NIF Number in Romania?

If you are a Romanian citizen, your CNP Romania already acts as your tax ID number Romania, so there is no need to apply for a separate NIF. However, foreigners or businesses looking to obtain a NIF number Romania must go through an application process, proceeding to the following steps:

Prepare Necessary Documents: To apply for a foreign tax identification number Romania, you will need to submit a valid passport, proof of Romanian address (if applicable), and any documentation proving your need for the NIF code (e.g., rental contract, proof of business, etc.).
Submit Application: Applications are typically submitted at the local tax office or through authorized legal representatives. You can also apply online if you have the appropriate digital signatures or local representation.
Receive Your NIF Number: Once the application is processed, you will be issued a foreign tax identifying number Romania, which you must use for all tax-related activities in the country.

The Romania NIF Number can be obtained in person from the ANAF office or by delegating a Romanian citizen as a representative, with a notarized power of attorney.

What documents are needed to obtain the Romania NIF number?

The first step to obtain the NIF number in Romania is to complete Form 030 for tax registration / declaration of changes for foreign individuals. The form can be found at the tax office in physical format or online.

The Form 030 must be completed and submitted when you first register for tax purposes, but also whenever significant changes are made to the details within the form, such as the source of income or total income.

The form must be filled out with all the required information, and you will need to attach the following documents:

A copy of the foreign individual's passport and a copy of the Romanian representative's ID card
The original power of attorney for the representative
Supporting documents explaining the foreigner's reasons for obtaining the NIF code

The NIF can be obtained from the ANAF office in the territorial jurisdiction of the representative’s domicile in Romania. For example, if the representative lives in Bucharest, Sector 1, the form will be submitted to the sector’s ANAF office.

The documentation can be submitted in original at the fiscal office or remotely via postal mail with proof of delivery. However, we strongly recommend obtaining your NIF number Romania in person or through a proxy at the ANAF office. This way, ANAF clerks can inform you of any necessary changes to your documents or any additional paperwork required for your NIF code or TIN number Romania. Ensuring that your taxpayer identification number Romania application is accurate will help avoid delays.

Why Is the NIF Number Important in Romania?

The NIF number Romania is essential for a wide range of activities, including:

Filing Taxes: Every individual or company must use their NIF or TIN in Romania when declaring income, filing tax returns, or paying taxes. Without it, tax filings will not be recognized by the tax authorities.
Opening a Bank Account: Banks in Romania require the NIF code or CNP Romania to open a bank account for both individuals and businesses.
Employment: Employers use the CNP or foreign tax identification number Romania to report employee income and withhold taxes accordingly.
Property Transactions: When buying or selling property, the NIF number or TIN Romania must be provided to ensure the transaction is compliant with tax laws.
Business Operations: Companies cannot legally operate in Romania without a tax ID number Romania. This applies to invoicing, paying suppliers, and fulfilling other financial obligations.

Differences Between CNP and NIF Number in Romania

While the CNP Romania is a personal identification number assigned to Romanian citizens, the NIF code is the broader term for the foreign tax identification number used for tax purposes. For Romanian citizens, the CNP doubles as their NIF. However, for foreigners, the NIF or foreign tax identification number Romania is separate and must be obtained through the appropriate channels.

CNP Romania: Primarily used for Romanian citizens; serves as both a personal identification and taxpayer identification number.

NIF Number Romania: Used as the tax ID number for both Romanian citizens (via their CNP) and foreigners (who need to apply separately).

Compliance and Penalties: What happens if the Romania NIF number is not obtained?

Failing to obtain a NIF number or TIN Romania can result in significant penalties. This includes fines for late tax filings, failure to report income, or conducting business without proper registration. Non-residents who do not comply with Romanian tax laws can also face additional scrutiny when trying to invest or work in Romania.

There are serious consequences for not obtaining the NIF. Firstly, without the Romania NIF number, you won't be able to pay your taxes or submit your tax returns, risking significant fines from ANAF. Additionally, banks may refuse to open an account for you, especially if you are not an EU citizen. Moreover, you won't be able to avoid double taxation, which could result in higher taxes both in Romania and in your home country.

It’s crucial to ensure that your NIF number Romania is correctly issued and up to date to avoid any legal or financial issues.

How long will it take to obtain the Romania NIF number?

The NIF number will be issued by the Romanian tax authorities in approximately 30 days. Additionally, it can submitted a request at the ANAF office for an expedited issuance of the document.

Conclusion: The foreign tax identification number or NIF number in Romania is crucial in a foreigner activity in Romania

In summary, understanding the NIF number Romania is crucial for anyone involved in financial activities within the country. Whether you are a local citizen using your CNP Romania as your taxpayer identification number Romania or a foreign national needing a foreign tax identifying number Romania, knowing how these identification systems work will streamline your interactions with Romanian tax authorities.

The NIF code serves as a vital tax identification number in Romania, allowing both individuals and businesses to meet their tax obligations effectively. If you're looking to register for a TIN in Romania, ensure you have all necessary documents ready to facilitate a smooth application process.

For foreign residents, obtaining the foreign tax identification number Romania is essential to comply with local tax laws, and it acts as your tax reference number Romania. Overall, whether you refer to it as a tax ID number Romania, Romania tax identification number, or simply a personal tax identification number Romania, maintaining accurate records and understanding your obligations can significantly reduce potential legal and financial complications.

Navigating the Romanian tax landscape can be complex, but having a clear grasp of your tax identification number Romania—be it the NIF, TIN, or CNP—will ensure that you stay compliant and informed. If you have any questions about the application process or specific requirements, consulting a tax professional familiar with Romanian regulations can be beneficial. Stay proactive in managing your tax affairs to secure your financial standing in Romania!

By ensuring you have the correct NIF number in Romania, you’ll be well-equipped to handle any tax-related matters and stay compliant with Romanian regulations.

For further assistance and detailed guidance on the Romania TIN Number or NIF number Romania, feel free to get in touch with our English speaking lawyers at sorina@roadvocacy.ro or +40 744 65 09 50 or using the contact form on at www.roadvocacy.ro.

Understanding NIF Number Romania: Comprehensive Guide on Local CNP and Personal Foreign Tax Identifying Code TIN

What Is NIF Number in Romania / TIN taxpayer identification number Romania? What is CNP Romania?

While the NIF number is commonly used by legal entities and non-residents, Romanian citizens primarily use their CNP (Cod Numeric Personal) for tax-related purposes. However, when foreign nationals are involved, the foreign tax identifying number in Romania is often equivalent to the NIF.

Romania NIF (n) vs. Romania TIN (tax identification number): Is There a Difference?

For Romanian citizens, the NIF code is typically represented by the CNP Romania (Cod Numeric Personal), a 13-digit personal identification number assigned at birth. For foreigners, the NIF number is a separate code that must be obtained if they have taxable activities or income in Romania.

Who Needs a NIF Code or TIN (taxpayer identification number Romania) in Romania?

The tax identification number in Romania is necessary for individuals (natural persons) who typically fall into one of the following categories:

Foreign citizens who buy or sell vehicles that are registered (or need to be registered) in Romania, primarily for the payment of specific vehicle taxes.

Additionally, financial organizations, particularly banks, often require the TIN number Romania for opening bank accounts or conducting other transactions. Digital banking applications, such as Revolut, may also request the foreign tax identifying number Romania.

TIN / NIF Number in Romania Format

The foreign tax identifying number in Romania TIN is an numeric block format of 13 numeric characters: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, C10, C11, C12, C13 (for example 8001003234567), each sequence of the characters having its own significance within the Romanian NIF number, as follows:

C1 - in the range from 1 to 9:

1 is for the male person born between 1900 and 1999;

2 is for the female person born between 1900 and 1999;

3 is for the male person born between 1800 and 1899;

4 is for the female person born between 1800 and 1899;

5 is for the male person born between 2000 and 2099;

6 is for the female person born between 2000 and 2099;

7 is for the foreign male obtaining temporary residence in Romania;

8 is the foreign female obtaining temporary residence in Romania;

9 is for the foreign citizens.

C2, C3 - in the range from 00 to 99, meaning the two last digits of the year the person is born.

C4, C5 - in the range from 1 to 12, meaning the two last digits of the month the person is born

C6, C7 - in the range from 1 to 31, meaning the two last digits of the day the person is born

C8, C9 - in the range from 1 to 47, 51 and 52 meaning the county or district code the person has its domicile or dwelling / residence.

C10, C11, C12, C13 - in the range from 0 to 9:

A sample of the certificate of tax registration which provides the Romania NIF number is the following:

How to Obtain a NIF Number in Romania?

If you are a Romanian citizen, your CNP Romania already acts as your tax ID number Romania, so there is no need to apply for a separate NIF. However, foreigners or businesses looking to obtain a NIF number Romania must go through an application process, proceeding to the following steps:

Prepare Necessary Documents: To apply for a foreign tax identification number Romania, you will need to submit a valid passport, proof of Romanian address (if applicable), and any documentation proving your need for the NIF code (e.g., rental contract, proof of business, etc.).

Submit Application: Applications are typically submitted at the local tax office or through authorized legal representatives. You can also apply online if you have the appropriate digital signatures or local representation.

Receive Your NIF Number: Once the application is processed, you will be issued a foreign tax identifying number Romania, which you must use for all tax-related activities in the country.

The Romania NIF Number can be obtained in person from the ANAF office or by delegating a Romanian citizen as a representative, with a notarized power of attorney.

What documents are needed to obtain the Romania NIF number?

The first step to obtain the NIF number in Romania is to complete Form 030 for tax registration / declaration of changes for foreign individuals. The form can be found at the tax office in physical format or online.

The Form 030 must be completed and submitted when you first register for tax purposes, but also whenever significant changes are made to the details within the form, such as the source of income or total income.

The form must be filled out with all the required information, and you will need to attach the following documents:

A copy of the foreign individual's passport and a copy of the Romanian representative's ID card

The original power of attorney for the representative

Supporting documents explaining the foreigner's reasons for obtaining the NIF code

The NIF can be obtained from the ANAF office in the territorial jurisdiction of the representative’s domicile in Romania. For example, if the representative lives in Bucharest, Sector 1, the form will be submitted to the sector’s ANAF office.

Why Is the NIF Number Important in Romania?

The NIF number Romania is essential for a wide range of activities, including:

Filing Taxes: Every individual or company must use their NIF or TIN in Romania when declaring income, filing tax returns, or paying taxes. Without it, tax filings will not be recognized by the tax authorities.

Opening a Bank Account: Banks in Romania require the NIF code or CNP Romania to open a bank account for both individuals and businesses.

Employment: Employers use the CNP or foreign tax identification number Romania to report employee income and withhold taxes accordingly.

Property Transactions: When buying or selling property, the NIF number or TIN Romania must be provided to ensure the transaction is compliant with tax laws.

Business Operations: Companies cannot legally operate in Romania without a tax ID number Romania. This applies to invoicing, paying suppliers, and fulfilling other financial obligations.